Anexo

*Definición Paraprobiótico: Células microbianas no viables, que cuando se administran en cantidades adecuadas, confieren un beneficio al consumidor humano o animal61

**La OMS y la ESPGHAN indica que los niños con diarrea que persiste por más de siete días o los hospitalizados por gastroenteritis aguda severa pueden beneficiarse de una dieta sin lactosa para reducir la duración de la diarrea.

*** Sólo contiene azucares naturalmente presentes

  1. Ministerio de la Presidencia. (1998, April 7) Boletín Oficial del Estado. Núm. 83, páginas 11638 a 11643. Retrieved March, 2020 from https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/1998/03/27/490
  2. Eric L Lien. Infant formulas with increased concentrations of α-lactalbumin. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 77, Issue 6, June 2003, Pages 1555S–1558S, Retrieved February 12, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.6.1555S
  3. Heine W, Radke M, Wutzke KD, Peters E, Kundt G. Alpha-Lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formulas: a comparison to breast milk feeding. Acta Pediatr. 1996 Sep;85(9):1024-8. PMID: 8888911. Retrieved February 12, 2020, From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888911
  4. Evaluación del efecto sobre la modulación del microbioma de la cepa BPL1 inactivada en “faecal slurries” Estudio interno, no publicado. Diciembre 2016.
  5. Heat-killed Bifidobacterium animalis CECT 8145 increases lean mass, attenuates adiposity and dyslipidaemia and improves insulin sensitivity in cafeteria-fed rats. Nutrition and Health Research Group (GRNS), Technological Centre for Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Tecnio, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Cataluña Sur (CEICS), Reus, Spain. Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain. Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. 2016 Pendiente de publicación. 
  6. Jensen RG, 1995. Hand Book of milk composition. New York, Academic Press.
  7. In vitro Digestion of Cow´s Milk Proteins by Duodenal Juice from Infants with Various Gastrointestinal Disorders. Iréne Jakobsson, Tor Lindberg, and Birgitta Benediktsson. Department of Pediatrics and Experimental Research, University of Lund, Malmó General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1: 183 -191 Raven Press, New york.
  8. López-López A, Castellote-Bargalló AI, Campoy-Folgoso C, et al. The influence of dietary palmitic acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces. Early Hum Dev. 2001 Nov;65 Suppl: S83-94. PMID: 11755039. Retrieved March, 2020 From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=L%C3%B3pez-L%C3%B3pez%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11755039
  9. Report of the Scientific Committee on food on the revision of essential requirements of infant formulae and follow- on formulae (adopted on 4 April 2003) SCF/CS/NUT/IF/65 Final, 18 May 2003. 
  10. A trial of lactase in the management of infant colic. Kearney PJ, Malone AJ, Hayes T, Cole M, Hyland M. J Hum Nutr and Dietet 1998; 11: 281-5 Improvement of symptoms in infant colic following reduction of lactose load with lactase Kanabar D, Randhawa M, Clayton P. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2001; 14: 359-63.
  11. Breath hydrogen response to milk containing lactose in colicky and no colicky infants Moore DJ, Robb TA, Davidson GP.. The Journal of Pediatrics, December 1988. Vol 113; number.
  12. Ben XM, Li J Feng ZT, et al. Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Word Lactobacilli. World J Gastroenterol 2008 November 14; 14(42) 6564-6568.
  13. Effect of locust bean gum in anti-regurgitant milk on the regurgitation in uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux. R. Miyazawa, T. Tomomasa, H. Kaneko and A. Morikawa. JPNG 38:479-483 May 2004.
  14. Locust bean gum safety in neonates and young infants: an integrated review of toxicological database and clinical evidence. L. Meunier. J.A. Garthoff, A, Schaafsma, L. Krul, J. Schrijver, J. B. van Goudoever, G. Speijers, Y. Vandenplas. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 70 (2014): 155-169.
  15. Zou L., Pande G., Akoh CC. Infant Formula Fat Analogs and Human Milk Fat: New Focus on Infant Developmental Needs. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016; 2:139-165. 7. Bronsky J., Campoy C., Embleton N., Fewtrell M., Mis NF., Gerasimidis K., Hojsak I., Hulst J., Indrio F., Lapillonne A., Molgaard C., Moltu SJ., Verduci E., Vora R., Domellöf M. Palm Oil and Beta-palmitate in Infant Formula: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019 ;68(5):742-760.
  16. Zou L., Pande G., Akoh CC. Infant Formula Fat Analogs and Human Milk Fat: New Focus on Infant Developmental Needs. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016; 2:139-165. 
  17. Bronsky J., Campoy C., Embleton N., Fewtrell M., Mis NF., Gerasimidis K., Hojsak I., Hulst J., Indrio F., Lapillonne A., Molgaard C., Moltu SJ., Verduci E., Vora R., Domellöf M. Palm Oil and Beta-palmitate in Infant Formula: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019; 68(5):742-760.
  18. Heat-killed Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 increases lean mass and ameliorates metabolic syndrome in cafeteria-fed obese rats. Antoni Caimari, Josep Maria del Bas, Noemí Boqué, Anna. Crescenti, Francesc Puiggròs, Empar Chenoll, Patricia Martorell, Daniel Ramón, Salvador Genovés, Lluís Arola Journal of Functional Foods 38 (2017) 251–263.
  19. Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145. Bronsky J., Campoy C., Embleton N., Fewtrell M., Mis NF., Gerasimidis K., Hojsak I., Hulst J., Indrio F., Lapillonne A., Molgaard C., Moltu SJ., Verduci E., Vora R., Domellöf M. Palm Oil and Beta-palmitate in Infant Formula: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019; 68(5):742-760. Reduces Fat Content and Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Response in Caenorhabditis elegans Patricia Martorell, Silvia Llopis, Nuria González, Empar Chenoll, Noemi López-Carreras, Amaya Aleixandre, Yang Chen, Edwuard D. Karoly, Daniel Ramón and Salvador Genovés J. Agric. Food Chem., 2016, 64 (17), pp 3462–3472.
  20. Anti-obesity properties of the strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 in Zücker fatty rats. N. López Carreras, P. Martorell, E. Chenoll, S. Genovés, D. Ramón and A. Aleixandre. Beneficial Microbes, 2018; 9(4): 629-641.
  21. SCIENTIFIC OPINION Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to alpha-linolenic acid and contribution to brain and nerve tissue development pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA).
  22. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin C and increasing non-haem iron absorption pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
  23. La vitamina A contribuye al normal funcionamiento del sistema inmune” Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin A and contribution to normal development and function of the immune system pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 (EFSA Journal 2013;11(7):3334).
  24. EFSA Journal 2014;12(1):3514 3 Vitamin D and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). EFSA Journal 2015; 13 (7): 4182.
  25. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to selenium and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA)2,3 EFSA Journal 2014;12(11):3890.
  26. REGLAMENTO (CE) N o 957/2010 DE LA COMISIÓN de 21 de octubre de 2009 sobre la autorización o la denegación de autorización de determinadas declaraciones de propiedades saludables en los alimentos relativas a la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad y al desarrollo y la salud de los niños.
  27. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin A and contribution to normal development and function of the immune system pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 (EFSA Journal 2013;11(7):3334).
  28. REGLAMENTO (CE) N o 983/2009 DE LA COMISIÓN de 21 de octubre de 2009 sobre la autorización o la denegación de autorización de determinadas declaraciones de propiedades saludables en los alimentos relativas a la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad y al desarrollo y la salud de los niños.
  29. Vitamin D and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (EFSA Journal 2015; 13 (7): 4182).
  30. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to thiamine and carbohydrate and energy-yielding metabolism pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 (EFSA Journal 2010;8(7):1690).
  31. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to thiamin and maintenance of normal neurological development and function pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 (EFSA Journal 2011;9(2):1980).
  32. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to riboflavin (vitamin B2) and contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 (EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3410.
  33. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 (EFSA Journal 2015;13(11):4298).
  34. Nucleotide supplementation and the growth of term small for gestational age infants. Cosgrove M. (1996) Arch Dis Child 74 (f122-f125).
  35. Comentario sobre la composición de las fórmulas infantiles de inicio y continuación a base de proteína de soja. Comité de Nutrición de la ESPGHAN. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. Volumen 79: 1001-1005, 1990.
  36. Report of the Scientific Committee on food on the revision of essential requirements of infant formulae and follow-on formulae (adopted on 4 April 2003) SCF/CS/NUT/IF/65 Final, 18 may 2003.
  37. Dietary sources of nucleotides- from breast milk to weaning. Barness LA. J. Nutr. 1994: 128s-130s.
  38. Dietary nucleotides: cellular immune, intestinal and hepatic system effects. J. Nutr 1994: 124: 144-8s.
  39. Alimentos funcionales. La importancia de los alimentos funcionales en las leches y papillas infantiles. Rivero Urgell M, Santamaría Orleáns A, Rodríguez Palmero, Seuma Mª. Nutrición Hospitalaria 2005; XX (2): 135-146.
  40. Recomendaciones sobre el uso de fórmulas para el tratamiento y prevención de las reacciones adversas a proteínas de la leche de vaca. Comité de nutrición de la asociación española de pediatría. Anales españoles de pediatría, Vol. 54, nº 4, 2001. 
  41. Safety of a new extensively hydrolysed formula in children with cow’s milk protein allergy: a double blind crossover study Suzanne WJ Terheggen-Lagro, Ilse MSL Khouw, Anne Schaafsma and Erik AK Wauters. BMC Pediatrics 2002, 2:10.
  42. The roles of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of the current knowledge and consensus recommendations. B. Koleztko, E. Lien, C. Agostini et al. J. Perinat Med 2008; 36 (1): 5-14. 
  43. Neurodevelopmental quotient of healthy term infants at 4 months and feeding practice: the role of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. C. Agostini, S. Trijan, R. Bellu, E. Riva, M. Giovanni. Pediatr Res 1995; 38: 262-26. 
  44. Essential fatty acids metabolism and its modification in atopic eczema. David F Horrobin. Am J Clin Nutri 2000; 71 (suppl): 367S-72S. 
  45. Linolenic acid supplementation for prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis – a randomized controlled trial in infants at high familiar risk. C. JAW van Gool, C. Thijs, C. JM Henquet, A. C. van Houwelingen, P. C. Dagnelie, J. Schrander, P.PCA. Menheere and P.A. van den Brant. The Americal Journal of clinical Nutrition. 
  46. Modulation of the immune system by human milk and infant formula containing nucleotides. Pikering LK, Granoff DM, Erickson JR, Masor ML and cols. American Academy of Pediatrics. 1998; 101: 242-249.
  47. Nucleotide supplementation and the growth of term small for gestational age infants. Cosgrove M. (1996) Arch Dis Child 74 (f122-f125)1 Recomendaciones sobre el uso de fórmulas para el tratamiento y prevención de las reacciones adversas a proteínas de la leche de vaca. Comité de nutrición de la asociación española de pediatría. Anales españoles de pediatría, Vol. 54, nº 4, 2001.
  48. Alergia alimentaria. Recomendaciones para su prevención. Ferrer Lorente, Nieto García, Dalmau Serra .Acta Pediatr. Esp. 1999; 57: 431-435.
  49. Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy.Joint Statement of the ESPACI and ESPGHAN. A,Host, B Koletzko, S Dreborg,A Muraro, U Wahns, P Aggett, J-L, Bresson, O Hernell, H Lafeber, KF Michaelsen, J-L Micheli, J Rigo, L Weaver, H Heymans, S Strobel, Y Vandenplas Arch Dis Child 1999;81:80-84.
  50. Feeding Preterm Infants After Hospital Discharge A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition: Peter J. Aggett2, Carlo Agostoni, Irene Axelsson, Mario De Curtis, Olivier Goulet, Olle Hernell, LBerthold Koletzko1, Harry N. Lafeber, Kim F. Michaelsen, John W.L. Puntis, Jacques Rigo, Raanan Shamir, Hania Szajewska, Dominique Turck, and Lawrence T. Weaver.
  51. EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). Risks for human health related to the presence of 3- and 2 monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food. EFSA Journal 2016;14(5):4426.
  52. Effects of a low birthweight infant formula containing human milk levels of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids. Koletzko, Edenhofer, Lipowsky, Reinhardt.
  53. “Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial”. Kalliomäki, M., Salminen, S., Arvilommi, H., Kero, P., Koskinen, P., Isolauri, E., The Lancet, Vol 357, April 7, 2001.
  54. Safety and benefits of FOS as food ingredients. Spiegel JE, Rose R, Karabel P, Frankos VH and Schimitt DF. Food Technology. January 1994: 85-89.
  55. Effects of Fructooligosaccharides on Intestinal Flora and Human Health. Hidaka H. Et al. Bifidobacteria Microflora. 1986, vol.5 (1): 37-50. 
  56. Vicente Navarro-Lopez, MD; Ana Ramirez-Bosca, MD; Daniel Ramon-Vidal, PhD; Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas, PhD; Salvador Genoves-Martinez, BTech; Empar Chenoll-Cuadros, PhD; MiguelCarrion-Gutierrez, PhD; Jose Horga de la Parte, MD; David Prieto-Merino, PhD; Francisco M. Codoner-Cortes, PhD; Effect of Oral Administration of a Mixture of Probiotic Strains on SCORAD Index and Use of Topical Steroids in Young Patients With Moderate Atopic Dermatitis A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA Dermatology, doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3647, Published online November 8, 2017.
  57. Tratamiento de la diarrea aguda infantil con probióticos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado de cinco preparados terapéuticos. R. Berni Canani, P. Cirillo, G. Terrin, L.Cesarano et cols. BMJ 2007;335:340-345).
  58. Calcium and zinc absorption from lactose-containing and lactose-free infant formulas Abrams A, Griffin I, Davila P. Am J. Clin Nutr. 2002; 76:442-6.
  59. Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials The Zinc Investigators’ Collaborative Group (Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sheila M Bird, Robert E Black, Kenneth H Brown, Julie Meeks Gardner, Adi Hidayat, Farida Khatun, Reynaldo Martorell, Nguyen X Ninh, Mary E Penny, Jorge L Rosado, Swapan K Roy, Marie Ruel, Sunil Sazawal, and Anuraj Shankar).
  60. E. Ortega Paeza DBE. Cólico del lactante. Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 2013; vol.15 (supl.23 ).
  61. Aurora Lázaro Almarza BMM. Alimentación del lactante sano. ; Protocolos diagnóstico-terapéuticos de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica SEGHNP-AEP.